Despite their active presence in the social and economic life of CODs and COOs, community organisations are only officially recognised by the Kuwaiti government in the GCC (for example). Missions of COO recognise certain individuals as embassy volunteers or set up separate welfare agencies as part of Mission activities (such as the Indian Community Welfare Fund or NORKA-Roots). However, these individuals also have limited capacity in assisting and representing migrant workers as they are not recognised by the COD government. Furthermore, they are migrant workers themselves - hence the fear of retaliatory measures persists for many, particularly when attempting dispute resolution with employers.7 7 Contract migrant workers are usually unable to muster a collective response to address the issues which they face at work such as low and unpaid wages, job insecurity, unreported workplace injuries, underdeployment, forceful repatriation and employer kickbacks for hiring and contract renewal due to restrictive conditions and their “deportability” as migrants. (Bal, 2015) 29