21 The issue of wage theft has been a persistent concern of civil society actors and partners but the gravity of the situation and the weakness in existing protection mechanisms was further exposed through accounts of returnees and repatriated migrant workers. While wage theft is rampant and documentation systems still develop, the Justice for Wage Theft campaign attempted to consolidate valid, documented claims of migrant workers across Asia and the world. When observing the attention given to the campaign and current developments in different countries (made possible through efforts of grassroots organisations), we must answer this question through realisation of an innate sense of justice and migrant-guided advocacy18. The casework seen throughout the campaign teaches us certain lessons.  Employers are equally responsible in their own self-regulation and responsible business bodies and the State need to consider measures in this regard.  States require more intensive efforts to create a sense of accountability among its private sector employers regarding wage theft, arbitrary dismissal, and coercive/retaliatory tactics.19  The casework has also clearly displayed that the excessive dependence upon temporary contractual labour has only increased vulnerabilities for countries of origin during periods of crises.  Return and reintegration efforts have always been an afterthought and governments seldom earmarked resources for the same. Consequently, migrants, that were depended upon as contributors to their economy and social milieu, returned empty handed.  As we see in several countries of origin and inflow into destination countries, it has triggered another round of remigration – this time in more desperate conditions. Below is the structure of proposed actions to be taken to improve the situation and move away from wage theft through a long-term perspective of multi-stakeholder cooperation. 18 Refer to Justice for Wage Theft Appeal #2 Urgent Justice Mechanism for Repatriated Migrant Workers Now for more information on how this is possible. 19 Refer to Justice for Wage Theft Appeal #3 COVID-19: A Time for Businesses to Act Responsibly in Ensuring Justice for Migrant Workers for more information. Disclaimer: The figures, statistics within the report are based upon the limited documentation of cases submitted to the JFWT platform or separately to MFA. It does not intend to implicate any country, government, industry, employer, etc.

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