25/01/2021 y Wage theft: g the missing middle in exploitation of migrant | openDemocracy pp workers y To maintain these objectives, policies on temporary labour migration in destination countries generally provide very limited exibility for migrant workers to change jobs of their own volition. Their legal status is directly tied to their employer, preventing them from leaving their employment without losing permission to stay and work. Moreover, the opportunity for migrants to organise into trade unions to bargain collectively and access legal assistance is limited within many destination countries. The restriction of their basic rights creates a dependency that is easily exploited. With these enabling factors in place, wage theft cannot be regarded as an unintended consequence of illiberal labour migration governance regimes. Systematic measures to decrease the ability of migrant workers to avoid, seek redress for, or leave abusive situations have a calculated recoupment e ect on wages. It has been argued that the cost of migrants’ rights are in fact directly priced into the formulation of migration policies in destination countries. Lack of wage protection enables discriminatory pay practices Migrant workers are more commonly employed in informal sectors of work which are not fully covered by labour laws. As a result, they are exempted from key wage protections such as a legal minimum or overtime pay. This contributes to arti cially low wages and segmentation within national labour markets. The fragmentation of employment relationships in recent decades has also reduced labour and social protections for migrant workers. Due to externalised work arrangements through outsourcing and misclassi cation of employment, employers now have considerably less statutory responsibility for the pay and bene ts provided to migrants. Framing exploitation as resulting from criminality is a convenient distraction from an immensely uneven distribution of global wealth. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/wage-theft-missing-middle-exploitation-migrant-workers/?utm_source=tw 4/12

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